知名网络空间普查与网络测绘组织研究报告 第二期-Shodan篇

Shodan(Shodan.io)是一个主机、联网设备搜索引擎,被誉为“黑暗谷歌”和“互联网上最可怕的搜索引擎”,Shodan由John Matherly开发,John Matherly在瑞士出生并长大,17岁时移居美国的圣地亚哥,后在加州大学圣地亚哥分校获得生物信息学学位,曾在圣地亚哥超级计算机中心帮助管理世界上最重要的蛋白质数据库,毕业后,创业独立开发了多款产品,John Matherly于2009发布Shodan,美国安全研究人员Michael Schearer于2010年的DEFCON 18黑客大会,发表了基于Shodan进行渗透测试的主题演讲后,让Shodan逐渐为更多人所熟知。

利用Shodan使用特定的语法即可搜索出海量的物联网设备、摄像头、路由器、打印机、SCADA系统、PLC等。Shodan主要通过收集Web服务器(HTTP/HTTPS,端口80、8080、443、8443)以及FTP(端口21),SSH(端口22),Telnet(端口23),SNMP(端口161),IMAP(端口993),SIP(端口5060),实时流协议(RTSP,端口554)等常见应用服务超过300个TCP/UDP网络端口的服务Banner标识(通过Shodan的扫描器通过协议读取开放端口上服务的数据,从而由开放端口返回扫描器的元数据),使用者可通过匹配端口和服务的特征关键字即可搜索到和特征相似的全球联网设备。

Shodan于2013年借鉴Digitalbond开发的工控设备识别开源项目Redpoint发布的多个PLC和SCADA系统的指纹特征,从而增加了针对工控协议的探测,用户可以直接使用工控协议的端口直接检索该协议的所有数据,达到了精准识别工控软硬件版本和模块信息,在此之前用户只可以使用特征Dork(一种用于精确匹配设备的关键字)直接搜索对应设备数据。

Shodan于2015年对网站整站进行了一次重大革新,在普通用户方面优化了UI体验,并在主站开放了数据搜索的可视化报告分析功能,从不同纬度分析搜索语法过滤到的数据,另外强化了企业和API功能。

功能模块

Shodan(https://www.shodan.io/

Shodan主站对所有互联网用户开放,任何用户均可使用Shodan查询数据,未登录的情况下仅限于字符串搜索,不支持语法和过滤器方式搜索数据。

主站主要由搜索功能和数据分析功能组成:

其搜索功能支持多种语法,并且语法可以相互组合,使用者可用根据自己需求,查询城市,省份,运营商,国家,端口,服务名,关键字等,也可自行根据需求组合来达到地区数据搜索等数据查询需求。

主站同时还支持将搜索语法查询到的数据,自动化通过聚合统计可以生成数字化的图形数据分析报表,按照城市,国家,运营商,端口等维度使用饼图,曲线图等方式对数据进行科学统计和可视化展示。

Shodan Scanhub(https://scanhub.shodan.io/)(目前已停止服务)

Shodan Scanhub是提供给注册用户的一套“在线版私有Shodan”,Scanhub可以使用Nmap扫描的XML结果,可通过多种方式上传Nmap的扫描结果,另外可解析Nmap的扫描结果,并支持Nmap扫描结果的可视化展示。

用户可使用Nmap扫描网络,将Nmap的XML扫描报告上传至Scanhub即可搭建一个类Shodan一样的数据搜索和展示系统,Scanhub支持和Shodan主站一样的搜索语法与地图可视化展示、数据分析报表。

Shodan Scanhub是一个收费功能,根据空间的大小不同分别为9、49、199、499/美元每月。

Shodan Maps(https://maps.shodan.io/

Shodan Maps是Shodan提供的一种基于可视化地图对联网系统进行数据展示的可视化搜索系统,通过搜索语法数据将在全球地图上进行可视化的数据展示。

Shodan Images(https://images.shodan.io/

Shodan Images是Shodan创新的一个图片流检索系统,Shodan的扫描节点除了常规的服务识别扫描外,还对支持对如:RDP,VNC,HTTP等服务和存在未授权访问的摄像头进行快照截图抓取的功能,使用该功能可以在Shodan Images浏览到海量的系统截图和摄像头画面截图的图片流展示。

Shodan Blog(https://blog.shodan.io/

Shodan Blog是John Matherly用于发布研究文章的一个博客服务,该博客对互联网所有用户均开放。

Shodan Exploits

Shodan Exploits是Shodan提供的一个漏洞利用库和漏洞信息库,用户可以通过搜索任意关键字,即可查询到漏洞的信息与可能相关的漏洞利用代码,Shodan Exploits数据库集合了Exploitdb、CVE、Metasploit的所有数据,用户可用通过搜索关键字查询3个库中的数据,方便用户直接从海量的漏洞和漏洞利用代码中过滤出对应的漏洞利用代码用于测试。

Shodan 3D

Shodan 3D是Shodan的一套基于WEBGL可视化的3D地球数据搜索与展示系统。

Shodan API

为了让个人用户和企业用户更好的接入Shodan的海量数据和调用Shodan分布式的监测节点,进行企业自建监控服务,Shodan API为个人用户和企业用户提供了RESTful和Streaming流式API接口,让第三方应用与系统可通过接口接入Shodan数据,Shodan API同样是一个收费功能,对于普通1次付费49美元成为会员的用户,每月仅有10000条数据的调用次数,而API根据调用次数的不同分别有59、299、899美元每月的API套餐,可查询的数据结果分别为1000000、20000000、无限制。

商业化情况

Shodan平台经过多年的社区化运作,目前已有成熟的在线运营商业模式,对于任何人均可通过邮箱注册成为Shodan的免费会员用户,但免费用户仅可返回查看查询结果的前20条数据,并且无法使用特定语法和过滤器,任何免费用户可通过在线支付49美元永久成为Shodan的个人收费会员。

目前,Shodan广泛被安全研究人员,安全从业人员,大型企业,CERT使用,拥有1000多所大学教育用户,全球注册用户超过300万,根据公开数据显示Shodan从发布到2015年大约有超过10000名用户一次性支付超过20美元的会员费用成为会员,来获得额外的搜索结果。Shodan拥有超过几十家机构用户,甚至网络安全公司每年支付超过五位数来访问Shodan的整个数据库。

引擎架构

Shodan是一个全球性质的联网主机与设备的搜索监测引擎,其数据库内存储了超过1亿个活跃IP地址开放端口与服务的标识信息,Shodan通过分布式的扫描引擎7*24小时不间断的扫描搜集全球40亿IP地址开放端口的标识信息。

Shodan的扫描引擎基于分布式架构,考虑到不同洲存在的网络差异可能带来扫描过程因为延迟导致的数据丢包情况,以及不同运营商对网络扫描的宽容度,Shodan在全球部署了大量扫描探测节点,广泛分布于北美,欧洲等地,欧洲节点则以网络中立的荷兰数据中心高速dedicated servers为主,数量超过30个,根据灯塔实验室-物联网威胁情报系统监测数据显示(https://iotsec.io/#/detailList?list=org%3Ashodan.io),部分知名节点与节点关注的扫描探测行为如下:

注:本研究报告部分数据基于实验室监测数据分析得出,不排除与实际运行情况存在差异,如果您对本研究报告的任何细节感兴趣,亦或技术交流、数据或信息更正添加,均可和我们取得联系,邮箱:[email protected]

扫描探测节点IP节点IP位置关注协议协议行为
71.6.146.185美国TCP、TNS、DATA、TLS、HTTP、RTSP、X11、EPMD、DNS、GTP、OPCUA、CHARGEN、HART_IP、COTPSYN、ACK、PSH, ACK、RST、FIN, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、GET、HEL、CR Connect Request
71.6.167.142美国TCP、DATA、JSON、HTTP、TLS、PGSQL、TFTP、XMPP、IEC60870_104、X11、BACAPP、OPCUA、KERBEROS、STEAM_IHS_DISCOVERY、GOPHER、TACPLUS、DTLS、DRDA、PPTPSYN、RST、FIN, ACK、PSH, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、ACK、POST、GET、RST, ACK、HEL
89.248.167.131荷兰TCP、TLS、HTTP、GTP、DATA、MQTT、PORTMAP、PCOMASCII、SSDP、KERBEROSSYN、FIN, PSH, ACK、RST、ACK、PSH, ACK、GET、FIN, ACK、RST, ACK
185.181.102.18罗马尼亚TCP、BFD、TLS、HTTP、MEMCACHE、DATA、LPD、MDNS、LDAP、MQTT、ESP、SNMP、ENIP、PPTPSYN、ACK、FIN, ACK、RST、PSH, ACK、GET、FIN, PSH, ACK、List Identity
185.142.236.34荷兰TCP、DATA、HTTP、TIBIA、VNC、X11、LPD、TLS、DNS、RMI、MDNS、JSON、XMPP、SSDP、MQTT、AJP13、MEMCACHE、DICOM、SIP、OPENVPNSYN、PSH, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、RST、ACK、FIN, ACK、GET、POST
66.240.205.34美国TCP、IEC60870_104、DATA、TLS、HTTP、PMPROXYSYN、ACK、PSH, ACK、RST、FIN, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、GET
195.144.21.56乌克兰TCP、TLS、HTTP、NBNS、DATA、ESP、TDS、IEC60870_104、EPMD、RIP、BITCOIN、DSI、DTLS、JSON、KIP、SIP、IPSICTL、STEAM_IHS_DISCOVERY、OPCUA、GEARMAN、BACAPP、KERBEROS、DICOMSYN、RST、ACK、GET、PSH, ACK、FIN, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、POST、HEL
66.240.236.119美国TCP、HTTP、TLS、DICOM、DATA、DNS、STEAM_IHS_DISCOVERY、GOPHER、PPTP、COTP、GEARMAN、RMI、SNMP、ENIP、RIP、RTSP、WHOIS、FINGERSYN、RST、ACK、GET、FIN, ACK、PSH, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、CR Connect Request、List Identity
80.82.77.139荷兰TCP、TIBIA、DATA、HTTP、DNS、GTP、BACAPP、TLS、TFTP、STEAM_IHS_DISCOVERY、JSON、SSDP、DTLS、X11、CHARGEN、ENIP、COTP、KERBEROS、DICOM、LPD、RTSP、BITCOIN、MEMCACHE、PGSQL、COAP、LDAP、TNS、PCOMASCII、AJP13、SIP、IEC60870_104、XMPP、ECHO、WHOIS、DRDA、GIT、RMISYN、FIN, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、PSH, ACK、ACK、RST、GET、POST、List Identity、CR Connect Request、RST, ACK
71.6.199.23美国TCP、DATA、HTTP、FINGER、TDS、DNP3、OMRON、TLS、ENIP、SMTP、DRDA、RTSP、XMPP、DSI、AJP13、EPMD、JSON、GTP、BGP、SNMP、MEMCACHE、PCOMASCII、GEARMAN、DICOM、CLDAP、OPENVPN、WHOIS、KIP、IEC60870_104、PORTMAP、TIBIA、_WS.MALFORMEDSYN、ACK、FIN, ACK、PSH, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、RST、GET、Request Link Status、List Identity、DATA、POST、RST, ACK
185.142.239.16荷兰TCP、ENIP、HTTP、CLDAP、DATA、TLS、AJP13、IPSICTL、COTP、TFTP、SNMP、GTP、SSDP、GIT、COAP、DNP3、DNS、AMQP、SMTP、BGP、BFD、MQTT、DTLS、JSON、XMPPSYN、List Identity、FIN, ACK、ACK、RST、FIN, PSH, ACK、GET、PSH, ACK、CR Connect Request、Request Link Status、DATA、POST
94.102.49.193荷兰TCP、DICOM、DATA、STEAM_IHS_DISCOVERY、TACPLUS、GOPHER、SNMP、RMI、GEARMAN、HTTP、TNS、DTLS、EPMD、JSON、KIP、X11、TLS、SSDP、TIBIA、ESP、COTP、ECHO、PCOMASCII、GTP、IPSICTL、PGSQL、OPENVPN、CHARGEN、DSI、GIT、OMRON、WHOIS、DNP3、DRDA、TDS、MEMCACHESYN、FIN, PSH, ACK、PSH, ACK、ACK、RST、FIN, ACK、GET、POST、CR Connect Request、RST, ACK、Request Link Status
93.174.95.106荷兰TCP、HTTP、DATA、COTP、KIP、ECHO、DRDA、DICOM、SSDP、TLS、MEMCACHE、AJP13、OMRON、JSON、HART_IP、CLDAP、LPD、TIBIA、BFD、GTP、X11、OPCUA、DNP3、BGP、MQTT、ECATF、DSI、PPTP、RTSP、RMISYN、RST、ACK、GET、FIN, ACK、PSH, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、CR Connect Request、POST、RST, ACK、HEL、Request Link Status
89.248.172.16荷兰TCP、HTTP、GTP、SIP、NTP、DNS、TLS、DATA、COTP、DNP3、GIT、PPTP、GEARMAN、ENIP、SMTP、CLDAPSYN、RST、FIN, ACK、ACK、GET、FIN, PSH, ACK、PSH, ACK、CR Connect Request、Request Link Status、List Identity、DATA、RST, ACK
198.20.70.114美国TCP、TLS、HTTP、DATA、EPMD、SNMP、STEAM_IHS_DISCOVERY、LDAP、TACPLUS、LPD、COTP、ENIP、SSDP、X11、JSONSYN、RST、ACK、PSH, ACK、FIN, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、GET、CR Connect Request、List Identity、POST
185.142.236.35荷兰TCP、TLS、HTTP、DATA、IPSICTL、RMI、AMQP、ENIP、BGP、ECHO、X11、GEARMAN、HART_IP、DTLS、MQTT、JSON、RIP、SSDP、TDS、RTSP、COAP、TNSSYN、ACK、PSH, ACK、GET、FIN, PSH, ACK、RST、FIN, ACK、List Identity、RST, ACK、POST
66.240.192.138美国TCP、HTTP、TLS、MQTT、MEMCACHE、DATA、CHARGEN、BGP、SMTP、TNS、KIP、COTP、GIT、TFTP、GTP、DICOM、TDS、RTSP、RIP、DNS、OMRON、JSON、TACPLUSSYN、RST、GET、ACK、PSH, ACK、FIN, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、DATA、RST, ACK、CR Connect Request、POST
80.82.77.33荷兰TCP、DTLS、HTTP、ECHO、COTP、TLS、VNC、ESP、BFD、DATA、DICOM、LDAP、RTSP、DNS、GEARMAN、TDS、GTP、KIP、DNP3、KERBEROS、OPENVPN、NTP、XMPP、OMRON、ENIP、SSDP、GOPHER、AJP13、TFTP、OPCUA、CHARGEN、JSON、MEMCACHE、IPSICTL、TIBIASYN、GET、FIN, ACK、ACK、RST、PSH, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、CR Connect Request、Request Link Status、List Identity、HEL、POST
71.6.158.166美国TCP、DATA、HTTP、OPCUA、AJP13、JSON、TIBIA、SMTP、DRDA、DICOM、TLS、X11、DNS、MODBUS、RIP、GEARMAN、PPTP、FINGER、DTLS、PCOMASCII、LPDSYN、RST、ACK、FIN, ACK、PSH, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、GET、HEL、POST、DATA、Report Slave ID
185.165.190.34荷兰TCP、DATA、TLS、ENIP、HTTP、GTP、TACPLUS、XMPP、DTLS、MEMCACHE、BGP、PPTP、KIP、DRDA、IPSICTL、DICOM、BACAPP、GIT、SMTPSYN、ACK、PSH, ACK、RST、FIN, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、List Identity、GET、DATA
71.6.199.23美国TCP、DATA、HTTP、FINGER、TDS、DNP3、OMRON、TLS、ENIP、SMTP、DRDA、RTSP、XMPP、DSI、AJP13、EPMD、JSON、GTP、BGP、SNMP、MEMCACHE、PCOMASCII、GEARMAN、DICOM、CLDAP、OPENVPN、WHOIS、KIP、IEC60870_104、PORTMAP、TIBIA、_WS.MALFORMEDSYN、ACK、FIN, ACK、PSH, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、RST、GET、Request Link Status、List Identity、DATA、POST、RST, ACK
185.142.239.16荷兰TCP、ENIP、HTTP、CLDAP、DATA、TLS、AJP13、IPSICTL、COTP、TFTP、SNMP、GTP、SSDP、GIT、COAP、DNP3、DNS、AMQP、SMTP、BGP、BFD、MQTT、DTLS、JSON、XMPPSYN、List Identity、FIN, ACK、ACK、RST、FIN, PSH, ACK、GET、PSH, ACK、CR Connect Request、Request Link Status、DATA、POST
94.102.49.193荷兰TCP、DICOM、DATA、STEAM_IHS_DISCOVERY、TACPLUS、GOPHER、SNMP、RMI、GEARMAN、HTTP、TNS、DTLS、EPMD、JSON、KIP、X11、TLS、SSDP、TIBIA、ESP、COTP、ECHO、PCOMASCII、GTP、IPSICTL、PGSQL、OPENVPN、CHARGEN、DSI、GIT、OMRON、WHOIS、DNP3、DRDA、TDS、MEMCACHESYN、FIN, PSH, ACK、PSH, ACK、ACK、RST、FIN, ACK、GET、POST、CR Connect Request、RST, ACK、Request Link Status
185.142.236.35荷兰协议:TCP、TLS、HTTP、DATA、IPSICTL、RMI、AMQP、ENIP、BGP、ECHO、X11、GEARMAN、HART_IP、DTLS、MQTT、JSON、RIP、SSDP、TDS、RTSP、COAP、TNSSYN、ACK、PSH, ACK、GET、FIN, PSH, ACK、RST、FIN, ACK、List Identity、RST, ACK、POST
71.6.147.254美国TCP、HTTPSYN、ACK、RST、GET、FIN, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK、PSH, ACK
66.240.219.146美国TCP、TLS、HTTP、FINGER、AMQP、XMPP、DATA、DICOM、ENIP、SMTP、GTP、ESP、WHOIS、NBNS、DTLS、RMI、MEMCACHE、IEC60870_104SYN、ACK、RST、FIN, ACK、PSH, ACK、GET、FIN, PSH, ACK、List Identity、DATA、RST, ACK
198.20.87.98美国TCP、HTTP、SOCKS、ELASTICSEARCHSYN、ACK、RST、FIN, ACK、GET、FIN, PSH, ACK、PSH, ACK
185.142.236.40荷兰TCP、HTTPSYN、GET、ACK、FIN, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK
185.142.236.43荷兰TCP、TLS、HTTPSYN、ACK、GET、PSH, ACK、FIN, ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK
82.221.105.6冰岛TCPACK、SYN
82.221.105.7冰岛TCP、TLS、HTTPSYN、PSH, ACK、GET、ACK、FIN, PSH, ACK
107.6.151.194荷兰TCPSYN

核心能力

Shodan的核心能力主要来自于如下几个方面:
1、对于设备、应用、服务的通信协议识别探测支持的数量多、维度覆盖广,从协议层面覆盖了TCP/UDP类型,从监测资产类型方面覆盖了传统IT类型资产、IoT物联网资产和ICS工控资产,探测协议超过200种,其中工控类型探测协议支持超过30种;(详见附录一、Shodan扫描探测协议支持情况)
2、协议扫描识别过程中对于TCP/UDP端口覆盖广,Shodan目前支持对全球超过1000个TCP/UDP端口进行识别;(详见附录二、Shodan覆盖端口情况)
3、在网络中立区域、对网络扫描的宽容度高的数据中心,具有稳定的高速、独立的网络监测节点,保证了监测端口的数量覆盖和监测数据的实时性。(Shodan扫描节点网络活动详见:由灯塔实验室出品的物联网安全威胁情报搜索引擎监测数据https://www.iotsec.io/#/detailList?list=org%3Ashodan.io

附录一、Shodan扫描探测协议支持情况

协议类型协议描述是否具有工控属性
afpAFP server information grabbing module 
ajpCheck whether the Tomcat server running AJP protocol 
amqpGrab information from an AMQP service 
andromouseChecks whether the device is running the remote mouse AndroMouse service. 
apple-airport-adminCheck whether the device is an Apple AirPort administrative interface. 
ardQuery the Apple Remote Desktop service for information about the device 
automated-tank-gaugeGet the tank inventory for a gasoline station. 是
bacnetGets various information from a BACnet device. 是
beanstalkGet general information about the Beanstalk daemon 
bgpChecks whether the device is running BGP. 
bitcoinGrabs information about a Bitcoin daemon, including any devices connected to it. 
bittorrent-trackerCheck whether there is a BitTorrent tracker running. 
blackshadesDetermine whether a server is running a Blackshades C&C 
cassandraGet cluster information for the Cassandra database software. 
checkpoint-hostnameGet hostnames for the CheckPoint firewall and management station. 
cisco-smiCheck whether the device supports the Cisco Smart Install feature. 
citrix-appsThis module attempts to query Citrix Metaframe ICA server to obtain a published list of applications. 
clamavDetermine whether a server is running ClamAV 
coapCheck whether the server supports the CoAP protocol 
coap-dtlsCheck whether the server supports the CoAP protocol with DTLS 
codesysGrab a banner for Codesys daemons 是
consulDetermine wether consul is running & collect relevant info 
couchdbHTTP banner grabbing module 
crestronChecks for other servers with the same serial number on the local network. AAAAAA is a dummy value. 
dahua-dvrGrab the serial number from a Dahua DVR device. 
darktrack-ratChecks whether the device is a C2 for DarkTrack RAT. 
dhcpSend a DHCP INFORM request to learn about the lease information from the DHCP server. 
dhtGets a list of peers from a DHT node. 
dicomChecks whether the DICOM service is running. 
dictionaryConnects to a dictionary server using the DICT protocol. 
dnp3A dump of data from a DNP3 outstation
dns-tcpTry to determine the version of a DNS server by grabbing version.bind 
dns-udpTry to determine the version of a DNS server by grabbing version.bind 
echo-udpChecks whether the device is running echo. 
epmdGet a list of Erlang services and the ports they are listening on 
etcdEtcd cluster information 
ethereum-rpcGrabs version information about the Ethereum node. 
ethernetipGrab information from a device supporting EtherNet/IP over TCP 是
ethernetip-udpGrab information from a device supporting EtherNet/IP over UDP 是
flux-ledGrab the current state from a Flux LED light bulb. 
foxGrabs a banner for proprietary FOX protocol by Tridium 是
ftpGrab the FTP banner 
gardasoft-visionGrabs the version for the Gardasoft controller.
gearmanGather usage information from a Gearman queue 
general-electric-srtpCheck whether the GE SRTP service is active on the device. 是
ghost-ratChecks whether the device is a C2 for Gh0st RAT. 
gitCheck whether git is running. 
gtp-v1Checks whether the device is running a GPRS Tunnel. 
hart-ip-udpChecks whether the IP is a HART-IP gateway.
hbaseGrab the status page for HBase database software. 
hbase-oldGrab the status page for old, deprecated HBase database software. 
hddtempView hard disk information from hddtemp service. 
hiflyChecks whether the HiFly lighting control is running. 
httpHTTP banner grabbing module 
http-simple-newHTTP banner grabber only (no robots, sitemap etc.) 
http-supermicroHTTP banner grabbing module for Supermicro servers 
httpsHTTPS banner grabbing module 
https-simple-newHTTPS banner grabber only (no robots, sitemap etc.) 
ibm-db2-dasGrab basic information about the IBM DB2 Database Server. 
ibm-db2-drdaChecks for support of the IBM DB2 DRDA protocol. 
ibm-njeCheck whether the z/OS Network Job Entry service is running. 
identdCheck whether the service is running identd 
ideraGrab target system info through Idera uptime agent system 
ideviceConnects to an iDevice and grabs the property list. 
iec-104Banner grabber for the IEC-104 protocol.
iec-61850MMS protocol
ikeChecks wheter a device is running a VPN using IKE. 
ike-nat-tChecks wheter a device is running a VPN using IKE and NAT traversal. 
ikettleCheck whether the device is a coffee machine/ kettle. 
imapGet the welcome message of the IMAP server 
imap-sslGet the welcome message of the secure IMAP server 
insteon-plmChecks whether the device is Insteon PLM type 
iota-rpcGrabs version information about the IOTA node. 
ipmiChecks whether a device is running IPMI remote management software. 
iscsiDetermine whether a server is an iSCSI target 
java-rmiCheck whether the device is running Java RMI. 
kafkaGet information about a Kafka cluster. 
kamstrupKamstrup Smart Meters 是
kerberosChecks whether a device is running the Kerberos authentication daemon. 
kilerratDetermine whether a server is running a KilerRAT C&C 
knxGrabs the description from a KNX service.
language-server-protocolChecks whether the port is running a language server. 
lantronix-udpAttempts to grab the setup object from a Lantronix device.
ldap-tcpLDAP banner grabbing module 
ldap-udpCLDAP banner grabbing module 
ldapsLDAPS banner grabbing module 
libreoffice-impressCheck whether the LibreOffice Impress Remote Server is enabled 
lifxCheck whether there is a BitTorrnt tracker running. 
line-printer-daemonGet a list of jobs in the print queue to verify the device is a printer. 
matrikon-opcChecks whether the device is running Matrikon OPC.
mdnsPerform a DNS-based service discovery over multicast DNS 
melsec-q-tcpGet the CPU information from a Mitsubishi Electric Q Series PLC.
melsec-q-udpGet the CPU information from a Mitsubishi Electric Q Series PLC.
memcacheGet general information about the Memcache daemon 
memcache-udpGet general information about the Memcache daemon responding on UDP 
microhardChecks whether the device is running Microhard. 
mikrotik-routerosCheck whether the device operates the Oracle Weblogic T3 protocol 
minecraftGets the server status information from a Minecraft server 
modbusGrab the Modbus device information via functions 17 and 43.
monero-rpcCollect information about the Monero daemon. 
mongodbCollects system information from the MongoDB daemon. 
moxa-nportAttempts to grab information from Moxna Nport devices.
mqttGrab a list of recent messages from an MQTT broker. 
ms-sqlCheck whether the MS-SQL database server is running 
ms-sql-monitorPings an MS-SQL Monitor server 
mumble-serverGrabs the version information for the Murmur service (Mumble server) 
muninCheck whether a Munin node is active and list its plugins 
mysqlGrabs the version of the running MySQL server 
nanocore-122-ratChecks whether the device is a C2 for NanoCore Version 1.2.2.0 Cracked 
nanocore-ratChecks whether the device is a C2 for NanoCore RAT. 
natpmpChecks whether NAT-PMP is exposed on the device. 
netbiosGrab NetBIOS information including the MAC address. 
netmobilityChecks whether the device is a NetMobility. 
newline-tcpConnect to a server with TCP and send a newline. 
newline-udpConnect to a server with UDP and send a newline. 
njratDetermine whether a server is running a njRAT C&C 
nntpGet the welcome message of a Network News server 
nodata-dtlsCheck whether the service supports DTLS and store whatever is returned 
nodata-tcpConnect to a server without sending any data and store whatever it returns. 
nodata-tcp-smallConnect to a server without sending any data and store whatever it returns. 
nodata-tcp-sslConnect to a server using SSL and without sending any data. 
ntpGet a list of IPs that NTP server recently saw and try to get version info. 
nuclear-ratChecks whether the device is a C2 for Nuclear RAT. 
omron-tcpGets information about the Omron PLC.
onvifCheck whether the Onvif camera is operating. 
opc-uaGrab a list of nodes from an OPC UA service
open-tcpChecks whether a port is open and nothing else. 
openvpnChecks whether the other server runs an OpenVPN that doesnt require TLS auth 
oracle-tnsCheck whether the Oracle TNS Listener is running. 
orcus-ratChecks whether the device is a C2 for Gh0st RAT. 
pcanywhere-statusAsks the PC Anywhere status daemon for basic information. 
pcworxGets information about PC Worx device.
plc5Checks whether the device is running Poison Ivy.
poison-ivy-ratChecks whether the device is running Poison Ivy. 
pop3Grab the POP3 welcome message 
pop3-sslGrab the secure POP3 welcome message 
portmap-tcpGet a list of processes that are running and their ports. 
portmap-udpGet a list of processes that are running and their ports. 
postgresqlCollects system information from the PostgreSQL daemon 
pptpConnect via PPTP 
printer-job-languageGet the current output from the status display on a printer 
proconosGets information about the PLC via the ProConOs protocol.
qratDetermine whether a server is running a QRAT C&C 
quicChecks whether a service supports the QUIC HTTP protocol 
rdateGet the time from a remote rdate server 
rdpRDP banner grabbing module 
realportGet the banner for the Digi Realport device 是
redisRedis banner grabbing module 
redlion-crimson3A fingerprint for the Red Lion HMI devices running CrimsonV3是 
remcos-pro-ratChecks whether the device is a C2 for RemCos Pro 2.05 
riakSends a ServerInfo request to Riak 
ripChecks whether the device is running the Routing Information Protocol. 
ripple-rtxpGrabs the list of peers from an RTXP Ripple daemon. 
rsyncGet a list of shares from the rsync daemon. 
rtsp-tcpDetermine which options the RTSP server allows. 
s7Communicate using the S7 protocol and grab the device identifications. 是
sap-routerCheck whether the SAP Router is active 
scpiCheck for the SCPI protocol used by lab equipment 
secure-foxGrabs a banner for proprietary FOX protocol by Tridium 是
serialnumberedChecks for other servers with the same serial number on the local network. AAAAAA is a dummy value. 
sipGets the options that the SIP device supports. 
smarter-coffeeChecks the device status of smart coffee machines. 
smbGrab a list of shares exposed through the Server Message Block service 
smtpGet basic SMTP server response 
smtpsGrab a banner and certificate for SMTPS servers 
snmpPerforms an SNMP walk of the system OID 
sshGet the SSH banner, its host key and fingerprint 
statsd-adminGathers statistics from the StatsD service. 
steam-a2sGet a list of IPs that NTP server recently saw and try to get version info. 
steam-dedicated-server-rconChecks whether an IP is running as a Steam dedicated game server with remote authentication enabled. 
steam-ihsSteam In-Home Streaming protocol 
tacacsCheck whether the device supports TACACS+ AAA. 
tc-bCursory check whether a device is running the TC-B protocol 
teamviewerDetermine whether a server is running TeamViewer 
telnetTelnet banner grabbing module 
telnetsTelnet wrapped in SSL banner grabbing module 
teradici-pcoipCheck whether the device is running Teradici PCoIP Management Console. 
teradici-pcoip-oldCheck whether the device is running Teradici PCoIP Management Console. 
tibiaGrab general information from Open Tibia servers 
tor-controlChecks whether a device is running the Tor control service. 
tor-versionsChecks whether the device is running the Tor OR protocol. 
toshiba-posGrabs device information for the IBM/ Toshiba 4690. 
tuyaCheck whether a device supports the Tuya API 
ubiquiti-discoverGrabs information about the Ubiquiti-powered device 
udpxyUdpxy banner grabbing module 
unitronics-pcomCollects device information for Unitronics PLCs via PCOM protocol. 
upnpCollects device information via UPnP. 
vaultDetermine wether vault is running & collect relevant info 
ventriloGets the detailed status information from a Ventrilo server. 
vertx-edgeChecks whether the device is running the VertX/ Edge door controller. 
voldemortPings the Voldemort database. 
wdbrpcChecks whehter the WDB agent (used for debugging) is enabled on a VxWorks device. 
weblogic-t3Check whether the device operates the Oracle Weblogic T3 protocol 
wemo-httpConnect to a Wemo Link and grab the setup.xml file 
whoisCheck whether the port is running WHOIS 
x11Connect to X11 w/ no auth and grab the resulting banner. 
xiaongmai-backdoorDetect backdoor in xiaongmai devices. 
xmppSends a hello request to the XMPP daemon 
yahoo-smarttvChecks whether the device is running the Yahoo Smart TV device communication service. 
zookeeperGrab statistical information from a Zookeeper node” 

附录二、Shodan覆盖端口情况

类型TCP/UDP覆盖情况(1236个)
Shodan扫描TCP/UDP端口情况7,11,13,15,17,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,37,38,43,49,51,53,69,70,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,95,96,97,98,99,100,102,104,106,110,111,113,119,121,123,129,131,137,139,143,154,161,175,179,180,195,199,211,221,222,225,263,264,311,340,389,443,444,445,447,448,449,450,465,491,500,502,503,515,520,522,523,541,548,554,555,587,593,623,626,631,636,646,666,675,685,771,772,777,789,800,801,805,806,808,830,843,873,880,888,902,943,990,992,993,994,995,999,1000,1010,1012,1022,1023,1024,1025,1026,1027,1028,1029,1050,1063,1080,1099,1110,1111,1119,1167,1177,1194,1200,1234,1250,1290,1311,1344,1355,1366,1388,1400,1433,1434,1471,1494,1500,1515,1521,1554,1588,1599,1604,1650,1660,1723,1741,1777,1800,1820,1830,1833,1883,1900,1901,1911,1935,1947,1950,1951,1962,1981,1990,1991,2000,2001,2002,2003,2006,2008,2010,2012,2018,2020,2021,2022,2030,2048,2049,2050,2051,2052,2053,2054,2055,2056,2057,2058,2059,2060,2061,2062,2063,2064,2065,2066,2067,2068,2069,2070,2077,2079,2080,2081,2082,2083,2086,2087,2095,2096,2100,2111,2121,2122,2123,2126,2150,2152,2181,2200,2201,2202,2211,2220,2221,2222,2223,2225,2232,2233,2250,2259,2266,2320,2323,2332,2345,2351,2352,2375,2376,2379,2382,2404,2443,2455,2480,2506,2525,2548,2549,2550,2551,2552,2553,2554,2555,2556,2557,2558,2559,2560,2561,2562,2563,2566,2567,2568,2569,2570,2572,2598,2601,2602,2626,2628,2650,2701,2709,2761,2762,2806,2985,3000,3001,3002,3005,3048,3049,3050,3051,3052,3053,3054,3055,3056,3057,3058,3059,3060,3061,3062,3063,3066,3067,3068,3069,3070,3071,3072,3073,3074,3075,3076,3077,3078,3079,3080,3081,3082,3083,3084,3085,3086,3087,3088,3089,3090,3091,3092,3093,3094,3095,3096,3097,3098,3099,3100,3101,3102,3103,3104,3105,3106,3107,3108,3109,3110,3111,3112,3113,3114,3115,3116,3117,3118,3119,3120,3121,3128,3129,3200,3211,3221,3260,3270,3283,3299,3306,3307,3310,3311,3333,3337,3352,3386,3388,3389,3391,3400,3401,3402,3403,3404,3405,3406,3407,3408,3409,3410,3412,3443,3460,3479,3498,3503,3521,3522,3523,3524,3541,3542,3548,3549,3550,3551,3552,3554,3555,3556,3557,3558,3559,3560,3561,3562,3563,3566,3567,3568,3569,3570,3671,3689,3690,3702,3749,3780,3784,3790,3791,3792,3793,3794,3838,3910,3922,3950,3951,3952,3953,3954,4000,4001,4002,4010,4022,4040,4042,4043,4063,4064,4070,4100,4117,4118,4157,4190,4200,4242,4243,4282,4321,4369,4430,4433,4443,4444,4445,4482,4500,4505,4506,4523,4524,4545,4550,4567,4643,4646,4664,4700,4730,4734,4747,4782,4786,4800,4808,4840,4848,4911,4949,4999,5000,5001,5002,5003,5004,5005,5006,5007,5008,5009,5010,5025,5050,5060,5070,5080,5090,5094,5122,5150,5172,5190,5201,5209,5222,5269,5280,5321,5353,5357,5400,5431,5432,5443,5446,5454,5494,5500,5542,5552,5555,5560,5567,5568,5569,5577,5590,5591,5592,5593,5594,5595,5596,5597,5598,5599,5600,5601,5602,5603,5604,5605,5606,5607,5608,5609,5632,5672,5673,5683,5684,5800,5801,5822,5853,5858,5900,5901,5906,5907,5908,5909,5910,5938,5984,5985,5986,6000,6001,6002,6003,6004,6005,6006,6007,6008,6009,6010,6036,6080,6102,6161,6262,6264,6308,6352,6363,6379,6443,6464,6503,6510,6511,6512,6543,6550,6560,6561,6565,6580,6581,6588,6590,6600,6601,6602,6603,6605,6622,6650,6662,6664,6666,6667,6668,6697,6748,6789,6881,6887,6955,6969,6998,7000,7001,7002,7003,7004,7005,7010,7014,7070,7071,7080,7081,7090,7170,7171,7218,7401,7415,7433,7443,7444,7445,7465,7474,7493,7500,7510,7535,7537,7547,7548,7634,7654,7657,7676,7700,7776,7777,7778,7779,7788,7887,7979,7998,7999,8000,8001,8002,8003,8004,8005,8006,8007,8008,8009,8010,8011,8012,8013,8014,8015,8016,8017,8018,8019,8020,8021,8022,8023,8024,8025,8026,8027,8028,8029,8030,8031,8032,8033,8034,8035,8036,8037,8038,8039,8040,8041,8042,8043,8044,8045,8046,8047,8048,8049,8050,8051,8052,8053,8054,8055,8056,8057,8058,8060,8064,8066,8069,8071,8072,8080,8081,8082,8083,8084,8085,8086,8087,8088,8089,8090,8091,8092,8093,8094,8095,8096,8097,8098,8099,8100,8101,8102,8103,8104,8105,8106,8107,8108,8109,8110,8111,8112,8118,8123,8126,8139,8140,8143,8159,8180,8181,8182,8184,8190,8200,8222,8236,8237,8238,8239,8241,8243,8248,8249,8251,8252,8282,8291,8333,8334,8383,8401,8402,8403,8404,8405,8406,8407,8408,8409,8410,8411,8412,8413,8414,8415,8416,8417,8418,8419,8420,8421,8422,8423,8424,8425,8426,8427,8428,8429,8430,8431,8432,8433,8442,8443,8444,8445,8446,8447,8448,8500,8513,8545,8553,8554,8585,8586,8590,8602,8621,8622,8623,8637,8649,8663,8666,8686,8688,8700,8733,8765,8766,8767,8779,8782,8784,8787,8788,8789,8790,8791,8800,8801,8802,8803,8804,8805,8806,8807,8808,8809,8810,8811,8812,8813,8814,8815,8816,8817,8818,8819,8820,8821,8822,8823,8824,8825,8826,8827,8828,8829,8830,8831,8832,8833,8834,8835,8836,8837,8838,8839,8840,8841,8842,8843,8844,8845,8846,8847,8848,8849,8850,8851,8852,8853,8854,8855,8856,8857,8858,8859,8860,8861,8862,8863,8864,8865,8866,8867,8868,8869,8870,8871,8872,8873,8874,8875,8876,8877,8878,8879,8880,8881,8885,8887,8888,8889,8890,8891,8899,8935,8969,8988,8989,8990,8991,8993,8999,9000,9001,9002,9003,9004,9005,9006,9007,9008,9009,9010,9011,9012,9013,9014,9015,9016,9017,9018,9019,9020,9021,9022,9023,9024,9025,9026,9027,9028,9029,9030,9031,9032,9033,9034,9035,9036,9037,9038,9039,9040,9041,9042,9043,9044,9045,9046,9047,9048,9049,9050,9051,9070,9080,9082,9084,9088,9089,9090,9091,9092,9093,9094,9095,9096,9097,9098,9099,9100,9101,9102,9103,9104,9105,9106,9107,9108,9109,9110,9111,9119,9136,9151,9160,9189,9191,9199,9200,9201,9202,9203,9204,9205,9206,9207,9208,9209,9210,9211,9212,9213,9214,9215,9216,9217,9218,9219,9220,9221,9222,9251,9295,9299,9300,9301,9302,9303,9304,9305,9306,9307,9308,9309,9310,9311,9389,9418,9433,9443,9444,9445,9500,9527,9530,9550,9595,9600,9606,9633,9663,9682,9690,9704,9743,9761,9765,9861,9869,9876,9898,9899,9943,9944,9950,9955,9966,9981,9988,9990,9991,9992,9993,9994,9997,9998,9999,10000,10001,10134,10243,10250,10443,10554,11112,11211,11300,12000,12345,13579,14147,14265,14344,16010,16464,16992,16993,17000,18081,18245,20000,20087,20256,20547,21025,21379,22222,23023,23424,25105,25565,27015,27016,27017,27036,28015,28017,30718,32400,32764,33060,33338,37215,37777,41794,44818,47808,48899,49152,49153,50000,50050,50070,50100,51106,51235,52869,53413,54138,54984,55442,55443,55553,55554,60001,60129,62078,64738

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